Libctr9 3DS: Difference between revisions

libctr9
libctr9
	File:Libctr9.jpg
General
Author	Gabriel Marcano
Type	PC Utilities
Version	0.0.1
License	GPL-2.0
Last Updated	2016/07/17
Links
	Download
	Website
	Source

Revision as of 01:46, 24 February 2022

This library is meant to be a collection of useful routines for ARM9 3DS development. The plan is for it to eventually grow to something like libnds. Currently the main contribution to this library is a generic disk IO framework that has been designed for ease of use and extensibility.

The library was meant to be linked with LTO, but due to technical limitations of devKitARM with GCC 5.3, it is not. Instead, it is compiled with -ffunction-section, so if the final executable uses the gc-section option for the linker, the linker when linking the final executable will be able to throw out parts of the library that are not in use, reducing executable size.

Installation

Dependencies

FreeType2 - Used for font handling. Make sure it is installed somewhere that the compiler can pick it up, or use -L and -I to instruct the compiler where to find it. The build tools will attempt to find it within the prefix where libctr9 was configured to be installed in.
libctrelf - Used for helping to parse and handle ELF data.
Autotools in general. These are used to create the build scripts.

Compiling

As a suggestion, it is recommended for one to set up a fixed prefix directory and to store a share/config.site under the prefix. For example, if the variable CTRARM9 holds the prefix path, then $CTRARM9/share/config.site is where this file would be located. Any variables defined here will be picked up by configure upon being run. At a minimum, if other libraries will be installed to the prefix path, the config.site should have the following:

CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -I$prefix/include -I$prefix/include/freetype2"
LDFLAGS="-L$prefix/lib $LDFLAGS"

This example assumes that these directories exist, and in particular that FreeType2's include path exists in the folder shown above. See here for more information and details about config.site files.

The Autotools setup assumes that devkitarm is already in the PATH.

# this following line is if the 3ds compiler isn't in the path
export PATH=${PATH}:${DEVKITPRO}/bin:${DEVKITARM}/bin
autoreconf -if
./configure --host arm-none-eabi --prefix=[lib install path]
make

Example:

 export PATH=${PATH}:${DEVKITPRO}/bin:${DEVKITARM}/bin
 autoreconf -if
 ./configure --host arm-none-eabi --prefix="$HOME/.local/usr/arm-none-eabi-9/"
 make -j10

Installing

TBD. This library is built using Autotools, so it supports the 'make install' and 'make uninstall' targets. Be sure to set --prefix when calling configure if either of the preceeding targets will be used, else by default the generated Makefile will install to /usr/local/ (most likely)).

Example (after having compiled):

 #this will install to the directory specified in prefix, or /usr/local/ if
 #prefix isn't defined (most likely)!
 make install

Among the files installed is an example linker script, in $prefix/share/libctr9. It is recommended to use this linker script to link programs that use libctr9, since it will make sure that libctr9's built-in crt0.o is loaded in the correct location and that it initializes IO.

User guide

Depending on where the library is installed, one may need to use -L in one's projects to point the compiler to find the library, then use -lctr9 to cause the linker to link in the static library.

Example:

 arm-none-eabi-gcc -I$HOME/.local/usr/arm-none-eabi-9/include \
   -L$HOME/.local/usr/arm-none-eabi-9/lib -Os -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic hello.c\
   -lctr9 -lfreetype2 -lctrelf

One setup that is recommended is to export a variable such as, CTRARM9, to point to the root of the prefix where libctr9 is installed. This way, it is easier to point to the lib and include directories (such as by using $CTRARM9/include and $CTRARM9/lib).

No start.s or _start.s files are necessary, libctr9 has its own crt0.o built in. It initializes the 3DS ARM9 MPU allowing full rwx access to all normal 3DS memory regions (ITCM and DTCM are mapped, resets the stack, and then calls libc initialization functions and then libctr9, then it jumps to main. It is recommended that any modifications to the environment be done early in main.

In addition, if using libctr9's included crt0 functionality, it does support the __constructor__ attribute for functions. Functions with this attribute will be executed before the main initialization function for libctr9 is called. This allows for certain things, like caching the OTP hash value when launching from a/k9lh before the hash register is used by libctr9 during its initialization. Do note that no disk nor console subsystems are initialized at this point.

Documentation

This project uses Doxygen markup in order to facilitate the generation of documentation, which should be found when generated in the doc/ folder. Each header in the include/ directory should also be well documented and can be used as reference for programming.

In addition, some documentation is hosted in GitHub pages.

Testing

This project does include a homegrown unit testing framework and some unit tests for this library. See the test/ directory for more information. Note that the unit testing payload WILL write to NAND (in theory writes to areas that are unused) as a part of unit testing.

To compile it, change directory to test/, then execute `make test`. The generated test.bin is an A9LH compatible binary.

Credits

#3dshacks @ Rizon for starting me on my path to 3DS homebrew development.
#Cakey @ Freenode for the continued development support.
#3dsdev @ EFNet for the occasional help answering questions.
d0k3 for some code use in this library and for suggestions.
dark_samus for helping to develop A9LH stuff in Cakey, which drove for the development of this library.
Delebile for publishing the public arm9loaderhax implementation, making using and testing this library possible (or less of a pain).
Aurora, et. al (you know who you are, I hope) for for general development help and brainstorming.
Normmatt for yelling at me for screwing up his sdmmc code :) Also a lot of other general 3DS development stuff.
See COPYING for details about code usage from other sources.

External links

Official website - https://gemarcano.github.io/libctr9/annotated.html
GitHub - https://github.com/gemarcano/libctr9

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 |image=libctr9.jpg
 |description=Nintendo 3DS ARM9 disk-level IO library.
-|author=TuxSH
+|author=Gabriel Marcano
 |lastupdated=2016/07/17
 |type=PC Utilities
 |version=0.0.1
-|license=GPLv2
+|license=GPL-2.0
-|download=https://dlhb.gamebrew.org/3dshomebrew/libctr9.rar
+|download=https://dlhb.gamebrew.org/3dshomebrews/libctr9.7z
-|website=https://github.com/TuxSH/libctr9
+|website=https://gemarcano.github.io/libctr9/annotated.html
-|source=https://github.com/TuxSH/libctr9
+|source=https://github.com/gemarcano/libctr9
 }}
-<youtube>oQsZ_MCmht4</youtube>
+{{Obsolete}}
-(Working title) libctr9 Copyright 2016 Gabriel Marcano
+This library is meant to be a collection of useful routines for ARM9 3DS development. The plan is for it to eventually grow to something like libnds. Currently the main contribution to this library is a generic disk IO framework that has been designed for ease of use and extensibility.
-== Licensing ==
+The library was meant to be linked with LTO, but due to technical limitations of devKitARM with GCC 5.3, it is not. Instead, it is compiled with -ffunction-section, so if the final executable uses the gc-section option for the linker, the linker when linking the final executable will be able to throw out parts of the library that are not in use, reducing executable size.
-This project is licensed under the GPL 2 or later licenses, at your choice. Refer to COPYING for more licensing information and for the licensing for the code borrowed from other sources.
+==Installation==
+===Dependencies===
-== About ==
+* FreeType2 - Used for font handling. Make sure it is installed somewhere that the compiler can pick it up, or use -L and -I to instruct the compiler where to find it. The build tools will attempt to find it within the prefix where libctr9 was configured to be installed in.
+* [https://github.com/gemarcano/libctrelf libctrelf] - Used for helping to parse and handle ELF data.
-This library is meant to be a collection of useful routines for ARM9 3DS development. The plan is for it to eventually grow to something like libnds. Currently the main contribution to this library is a generic disk IO framework that has been designed for ease of use and extensibility.
+* Autotools in general. These are used to create the build scripts.
-The library was meant to be linked with LTO, but due to technical limitations of devKitARM with GCC 5.3, it is not. Instead, it is compiled with -ffunction-section, so if the final executable uses the gc-section option for the linker, the linker when linking the final executable will be able to throw out parts of the library that are not in use, reducing executable size. Note this library is still in active development and the API is not considered stable. Breaking changes will be mentioned in commits at the very least.
-== Dependencies ==
+===Compiling===
+As a suggestion, it is recommended for one to set up a fixed prefix directory and to store a share/config.site under the prefix. For example, if the variable CTRARM9 holds the prefix path, then $CTRARM9/share/config.site is where this file would be located. Any variables defined here will be picked up by configure upon being run. At a minimum, if other libraries will be installed to the prefix
+path, the config.site should have the following:
-* https://github.com/b1l1s/ctr - Used for unit tests Make sure it is installed somewhere that the compiler can pick it up, or use -L and -I to instruct the compiler where to find it.
+ CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -I$prefix/include -I$prefix/include/freetype2"
-* Autotools in general. These are used to create the build scripts.
+ LDFLAGS="-L$prefix/lib $LDFLAGS"
-== Compiling ==
+This example assumes that these directories exist, and in particular that FreeType2's include path exists in the folder shown above. See [https://www.gnu.org/software/automake/manual/html_node/config_002esite.html here] for more information and details about config.site files.
 The Autotools setup assumes that devkitarm is already in the PATH.
@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
    make -j10
-== Installation ==
+===Installing===
+TBD. This library is built using Autotools, so it supports the 'make install' and 'make uninstall' targets. Be sure to set --prefix when calling configure if either of the preceeding targets will be used, else by default the generated Makefile will install to /usr/local/ (most likely)).
-TBD. This library is built using Autotools, so it supports the 'make install'
-and 'make uninstall' targets. Be sure to set --prefix when calling configure
-if either of the preceeding targets will be used, else by default the generated
-Makefile will install to /usr/local/ (most likely)) !
 Example (after having compiled):
@@ Line 59: / Line 55: @@
    make install
-== Usage ==
+Among the files installed is an example linker script, in $prefix/share/libctr9. It is recommended to use this linker script to link programs that use libctr9, since it will make sure that libctr9's built-in crt0.o is loaded in the correct location and that it initializes IO.
-Depending on where the library is installed, one may need to use -L in one's
+==User guide==
-projects to point the compiler to find the library, then use -lctr9 to cause
+Depending on where the library is installed, one may need to use -L in one's projects to point the compiler to find the library, then use -lctr9 to cause the linker to link in the static library.
-the linker to link in the static library.
 Example:
+  arm-none-eabi-gcc -I$HOME/.local/usr/arm-none-eabi-9/include \
+    -L$HOME/.local/usr/arm-none-eabi-9/lib -Os -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic hello.c\
+    -lctr9 -lfreetype2 -lctrelf
-  arm-none-eabi-gcc -I$HOME/.local/usr/arm-none-eabi-9/include \
+One setup that is recommended is to export a variable such as, CTRARM9, to point to the root of the prefix where libctr9 is installed. This way, it is easier to point to the lib and include directories (such as by using $CTRARM9/include and $CTRARM9/lib).
-    -L$HOME/.local/usr/arm-none-eabi-9/lib -Os -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic hello.c
-One setup that is recommended is to export a variable such as, CTRARM9, to point
+No start.s or _start.s files are necessary, libctr9 has its own crt0.o built in. It initializes the 3DS ARM9 MPU allowing full rwx access to all normal 3DS memory regions (ITCM and DTCM are mapped, resets the stack, and then calls libc initialization functions and then libctr9, then it jumps to main. It is recommended that any modifications to the environment be done early in main.
-to the root of the prefix where libctr9 is installed. This way, it is easier to
-point to the lib and include directories (such as by using $CTRARM9/include and
-$CTRARM9/lib).
-== Documentation ==
+In addition, if using libctr9's included crt0 functionality, it does support the __constructor__ attribute for functions. Functions with this attribute will be executed before the main initialization function for libctr9 is called. This allows for certain things, like caching the OTP hash value when launching from a/k9lh before the hash register is used by libctr9 during its initialization. Do
+note that no disk nor console subsystems are initialized at this point.
+===Documentation===
 This project uses Doxygen markup in order to facilitate the generation of documentation, which should be found when generated in the doc/ folder. Each header in the include/ directory should also be well documented and can be used as reference for programming.
-In addition, some documentation is hosted in GitHub pages: https://gemarcano.github.io/libctr9/
+In addition, some documentation is hosted in [https://gemarcano.github.io/libctr9/ GitHub pages].
-== Design: IO subsystem/framework ==
-The IO framework is based on the idea of IO interfaces that can be layered. The implementation of each IO interface layer depends on a function table that is embedded into the IO interface context object. It is via this function table that the generic IO interface functions determine what function to call, acting as a virtual table for the IO interface functionality. Refer to ctr_io_interface.h for the definition of this function table.
-One of the advantages of the framework is that it lends itself well to layering IO interfaces. For example, after implementing a NAND IO interface, it is possible to develop an IO interface layer that takes as an input at initialization a NAND IO interface and transforms the input/output of the NAND IO interface layer as necessary. An example of this is the crypto IO interface layer included in this library, which takes as an input any IO interface layer (most likely NAND) and then applies crypto to the input/output to/from the NAND IO layer, based on the initialization parameters of the crypto layer. This allows for the encrypted NAND to be read and written transparently, for example.
-The IO subsystem was designed with extensibility in mind. In order to create a new IO interface layer, all one needs to do is implement six functions and load a function table at the beginning of the new IO interface object with those functions. Instead of calling the function pointers directly, use the ctr_io_* functions supplied by the framework. These will make sure to call the right functions.
-For examples of how IO interfaces are implemented refer to the source code for this library. Some example IO interfaces are ctr_nand_interface (the actual implementation for this one was abstracted to ctr_sdmmc_implementation), ctr_nand_crypto_interface, and ctr_fatfs_interface. It is feasible to make a ctr_xorpad_interface to generate xorpads, for example, taking two IO interface layers, one providing the raw encrypted ouput and another the plaintext.
-== Testing ==
-This project does include a homegrown unit testing framework and some unit tests for this library. See the test/ directory for more information. Note that the
+===Testing===
-unit testing payload WILL write to NAND (in theory writes to areas that are unused) as a part of unit testing.
+This project does include a homegrown unit testing framework and some unit tests for this library. See the test/ directory for more information. Note that the unit testing payload WILL write to NAND (in theory writes to areas that are unused) as a part of unit testing.
 To compile it, change directory to test/, then execute `make test`. The generated test.bin is an A9LH compatible binary.
-== Issues/Bugs ==
+==Credits==
+* #3dshacks @ Rizon for starting me on my path to 3DS homebrew development.
-Please report these to the issue tracker at the repository, and these will be addressed as soon as possible, if not at least acknowledged. The more detailed the reports, the more likely they are to be addressed quickly. In particular, the following information can be quite useful when debugging bugs:
+* #Cakey @ Freenode for the continued development support.
+* #3dsdev @ EFNet for the occasional help answering questions.
-* Type of 2/3DS system
+* d0k3 for some code use in this library and for suggestions.
-* Operating system being used to compile
+* dark_samus for helping to develop A9LH stuff in Cakey, which drove for the development of this library.
-* Release/commit of library in use
+* Delebile for publishing the public arm9loaderhax implementation, making using and testing this library possible (or less of a pain).
-* Steps to reproduce issue
+* Aurora, et. al (you know who you are, I hope) for for general development help and brainstorming.
-* Expected behavior
+* Normmatt for yelling at me for screwing up his sdmmc code :) Also a lot of other general 3DS development stuff.
-* Actual behavior
+* See COPYING for details about code usage from other sources.
-* ARM9 entry point
-* Any modifications to the library, or extensions
-== Contributing ==
-Pull requests are welcome. All requests will be looked at in detail, and must be documented in a similar fashion as the rest of the code for this project. In particular, it is unlikely (but not impossible) that code that emmits warnings with the warnings in use by this library would be merged without first fixing/ addressing what is causing the warnings to be emitted.
-== Credits ==
+==External links==
+* Official website - https://gemarcano.github.io/libctr9/annotated.html
+* GitHub - https://github.com/gemarcano/libctr9
-* #3dshacks @ Rizon for starting me on my path to 3DS homebrew development
+[[Category:3DS homebrew applications]]
-* #Cakey @ Freenode for the continued development support
+[[Category:PC utilities for 3DS homebrew]]
-* #3dsdev @ EFNet for the occasional help answering questions
-* d0k3 for some code use in this library and for suggestions
-* dark_samus for helping to develop A9LH stuff in Cakey, which drove for the development of this library
-* Delebile for publishing the public arm9loaderhax implementation, making using and testing this library possible (or less of a pain)
-* Aurora, et. al (you know who you are, I hope) for for general development help and brainstorming
-* Normmatt for yelling at me for screwing up his sdmmc code :) Also a lot of other general 3DS development stuff
-* See COPYING for details about code usage from other sources